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Russia and the european union : crisis and prospects / Vladimir Ryzhkov

Ryzhkov, Vladimir

Survival . ISSN0039-6338 . London : IISS, Vol. 61, no 3 (June./July 2019) , p. 139-163

In the drama of 2014 — political crisis in Ukraine, Russia’s annexation of Crimea, armed conflict in eastern Ukraine — Russia—EU relations turned almost overnight into confrontation and near conflict. As Yury Borko has observed, five basic factors define that confrontation today: i) mutual diplo matic and economic sanctions and counter-sanctions; 2) a ‘freeze’ in official relations and mechanisms for cooperation under existing treaties and agree ments, as well as in the working relationship between the two sides; 3) a ‘freeze’ in both official and unofficial talks on preparing a new foundational Russia—EU agreement to replace the outdated Partnership and Cooperation Agreement ot 1994 that expired in 2007, and that both parties have renewed annually since; 4) chronic military tensions and confrontational rhetoric — including accusations that, among other things, Russia supports extremist, right-wing, populist and anti-European forces within the EU, and that its intelligence agencies attempted to assassinate Sergei Skripal in the UK — accompanied by actions such as military exercises and flyovers by military aircraft; and 5) the resultant, near-complete breakdown in mutual trust. Russia—EU relations are now at their lowest point in history, having been in deep crisis for five years)...[Do autor]

resolução de diferendos; Rússia; União Europeia; crise política; relações bilaterais; sanção internacional

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